brake disc
A brake disc, also known as a rotor, is a crucial component of a vehicle's braking system that plays a vital role in ensuring safe and efficient stopping power. This circular metal disc is attached to the wheel hub and works in conjunction with the brake caliper and brake pads to create the friction necessary for slowing or stopping a vehicle. When the driver applies the brakes, the caliper squeezes the brake pads against the disc, converting kinetic energy into thermal energy through friction. Modern brake discs are typically made from high-grade cast iron or carbon-ceramic materials, engineered to withstand extreme temperatures and provide consistent performance. Many contemporary designs feature ventilation channels between the disc surfaces, which help dissipate heat and maintain optimal braking efficiency. The disc's surface is precisely machined to ensure even contact with the brake pads, and some advanced models incorporate cross-drilling or slotting patterns to enhance heat dissipation and prevent brake fade during intensive use. This essential component is found in various applications, from everyday passenger vehicles to high-performance sports cars and commercial vehicles, each designed to meet specific performance requirements and safety standards.